1. Networking Basics
Network: Jab do ya do se zyada computers aapas mein connect hote hain resources share
karne ke liye (File, Printer).
Types of Networks:
- LAN (Local Area Network): Ek room ya building tak seemit (e.g. School Lab).
- MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Ek shehar tak (Cable TV Network).
- WAN (Wide Area Network): Poore world mein (Internet).
- PAN (Personal Area Network): Personal range (Bluetooth).
2. Network Topologies
Computers ko connect karne ka layout/structure.
- • Bus Topology: Ek single cable
(backbone) se sab connected hote hain.
- • Star Topology: Sab ek central
Hub/Switch se connected hote hain (Most Common).
- • Ring Topology: Circular loop
mein twisted pair cable.
- • Mesh Topology: Sab ek dusre se
directly connected hote hain.
3. Network Protocols
Rules jo data transfer control karte hain.
| Protocol |
Full Form |
Usage |
| HTTP/HTTPS |
HyperText Transfer
Protocol (Secure) |
Webpages access
karne ke liye |
| FTP |
File Transfer
Protocol |
Files
upload/download karne ke liye |
| SMTP |
Simple Mail Transfer
Protocol |
Email bhejne ke liye
|
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Quiz Time!
Q1. Which topology uses a central Hub/Switch?
(a) Bus
(b) Ring
(c) Star
(d) Mesh
Answer: (c) Star
Q2. Which device connects two different networks?
(a) Hub
(b) Switch
(c) Gateway/Router
(d) Modem
Answer: (c) Gateway/Router